You can't avoid the cold, but you can prepare for it Published Dec. 3, 2009 By 27th Special Operations Wing Safety Office CANNON AIR FORCE BASE, N.M. -- Winter adds its own hazards to regular safety concerns, so get ready to continue to work safely in winter weather by training to recognize and protect against its hazards. How cold is too cold? According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, cold stress can occur when the body is unable to warm itself. This can lead to tissue damage and possibly death. Four factors contribute to cold stress: 1. Cold air temperatures 2. High velocity air movement 3. Dampness of the air 4. Contact with cold water or surfaces A cold environment forces the body to work harder to maintain its temperature. Cold air, water, and snow all draw heat from the body. OSHA points out that while below-freezing conditions and inadequate protection can bring about cold stress, problems can also occur with much higher temperatures, even in the 50s, when coupled with rain and wind. OSHA recommends these precautions: · Wear at least three layers of clothing: · An outer layer, such as Gortex, to break the wind · A middle layer of down or wool to absorb sweat and provide insulation · An inner layer of cotton or synthetic weave to allow ventilation. · Wear a hat. Considerable heat escapes the body from the head. · Keep a change of dry clothing available in case work clothes become wet. · Wear loose rather than tight clothing for better ventilation. · Follow work practices, including: · Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. · Schedule work during the warmer parts of the day. · Take breaks out of the cold. · Work in pairs. · Avoid fatigue. · Consume warm, high-calorie food.